See bʰrem- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrém-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bremeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bremeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bremeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*brėβ̃ɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "brefu"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: brefu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: brefu, brefad"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Bremia"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Bremia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Bremia, Bremenium"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bremaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bremaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bremaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brummōną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *brummōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *brummōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰrámati",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰrámati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unless =<i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*bʰrámHati</i>; the root is uncertain"
},
"expansion": "(unless =*bʰrámHati; the root is uncertain)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰrámati (unless =*bʰrámHati; the root is uncertain)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰrámati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भ्रमति",
"t": "to wander, rove, ramble",
"tr": "bhrámati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भ्रमति (bhrámati, “to wander, rove, ramble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भ्रमति (bhrámati, “to wander, rove, ramble”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*brámati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *brámati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *brámati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖",
"pos": "1sg.pres.ind.",
"tr": "brmʾm"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1sg.pres.ind.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1sg.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1pl.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫅 (brmynd, 3pl.pres.ind.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"pos": "3sg.pres.ind.",
"tr": "blʾmynd",
"ts": "brāmēnd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (blʾmynd /brāmēnd/, 3sg.pres.ind.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (blʾmynd /brāmēnd/, 3sg.pres.ind.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fremō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fremō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fremō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fremō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fremō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fremō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥m-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*brьměti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *brьměti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *brьměti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brzmieć"
},
"expansion": "Polish: brzmieć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: brzmieć"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrém-ti-s ~ *bʰrm̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brumþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brumþiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brumþiz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrōm-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brōmiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brōmiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brōmiz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrem-onts"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰramants",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*bʰrámHants</i>; cf. <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*bʰrám(H)ati</i> above"
},
"expansion": "(or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants (or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰramants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भ्रमत्",
"t": "wandering about, roaming"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भ्रमत् (bhramat, “wandering about, roaming”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भ्रमत् (bhramat, “wandering about, roaming”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰŕ̥m-gos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰŕ̥ngas",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰŕ̥ngas",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भृङ्ग",
"t": "a species of large black bee, the humble bee",
"tr": "bhṛ́ṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भृङ्ग (bhṛ́ṅga, “a species of large black bee, the humble bee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भृङ्ग (bhṛ́ṅga, “a species of large black bee, the humble bee”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "root",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make noise"
],
"id": "en-bʰrem--ine-pro-root-C6skPGFf",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰrem-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrém-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bremeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bremeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bremeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*brėβ̃ɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "brefu"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: brefu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: brefu, brefad"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Bremia"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Bremia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Bremia, Bremenium"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bremaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bremaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bremaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brummōną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *brummōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *brummōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰrámati",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰrámati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unless =<i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*bʰrámHati</i>; the root is uncertain"
},
"expansion": "(unless =*bʰrámHati; the root is uncertain)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰrámati (unless =*bʰrámHati; the root is uncertain)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰrámati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भ्रमति",
"t": "to wander, rove, ramble",
"tr": "bhrámati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भ्रमति (bhrámati, “to wander, rove, ramble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भ्रमति (bhrámati, “to wander, rove, ramble”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*brámati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *brámati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *brámati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖",
"pos": "1sg.pres.ind.",
"tr": "brmʾm"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1sg.pres.ind.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1sg.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1pl.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫅 (brmynd, 3pl.pres.ind.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"pos": "3sg.pres.ind.",
"tr": "blʾmynd",
"ts": "brāmēnd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (blʾmynd /brāmēnd/, 3sg.pres.ind.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (blʾmynd /brāmēnd/, 3sg.pres.ind.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fremō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fremō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fremō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fremō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fremō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fremō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥m-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*brьměti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *brьměti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *brьměti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brzmieć"
},
"expansion": "Polish: brzmieć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: brzmieć"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrém-ti-s ~ *bʰrm̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brumþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brumþiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brumþiz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrōm-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brōmiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brōmiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brōmiz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrem-onts"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰramants",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*bʰrámHants</i>; cf. <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*bʰrám(H)ati</i> above"
},
"expansion": "(or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants (or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰramants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भ्रमत्",
"t": "wandering about, roaming"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भ्रमत् (bhramat, “wandering about, roaming”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भ्रमत् (bhramat, “wandering about, roaming”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰŕ̥m-gos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰŕ̥ngas",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰŕ̥ngas",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भृङ्ग",
"t": "a species of large black bee, the humble bee",
"tr": "bhṛ́ṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भृङ्ग (bhṛ́ṅga, “a species of large black bee, the humble bee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भृङ्ग (bhṛ́ṅga, “a species of large black bee, the humble bee”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "root",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to make noise"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰrem-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰrem- meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.